Canada General Facts

Canada is a country situated in the north part of the North American Continent. It is surrounded by the Atlantic, Pacific and Arctic Ocean. It has a land border with the United States. It is the second biggest country in the world in terms of territory.

Government

Canada is a federation of ten provinces and three territories.  It is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. Canada became completely autonomous with the Canada Act of 1982 when the last legal dependence to Great Britain was severed. Still, Queen Elizabeth II is the official head of state of the country. There are two official languages of government- French and English. The capital is Ottawa.

Climate

Weather conditions in the country vary according to location. The inner territories and the Prairie experience cold and harsh winters. There, average temperatures during the winter can go down to -15°C and even reach -40°C. In those regions there are heavy snow falls that can cover the group for up to six months. At the same time winter in Coastal British Columbia are mild and rainy. In the summer average temperatures are around 20°C and they can reach up to 40°C in the interior.

Population

The population of Canada is about 31 million people. The country has one of the smallest population densities. The population growth for the last couple of years is above 5 percent mainly due to immigration. Most of the people can trace back their ancestry to English, French, Scottish, Irish, German, Italian, Chinese and Ukrainian origins. About 3.5 percent of the population belongs to the First Nations- the local indigenous inhabitants.
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Canada’s national symbol is the maple leaf. This tradition dates back to the 18th century. It has been drawn on current and previous flags, the currency and on the coat of arms. Other symbols are the beaver, the Canadian goose, and the totem pole.
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